Lauren Bacall

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Lauren Bacall
Lauren bacall promo photo.jpg
Bacall in the 1940s
Born Betty Joan Perske
(1924-09-16)September 16, 1924
The Bronx, New York, U.S.
Died August 12, 2014(2014-08-12) (aged 89)
New York, New York, U.S.
Cause of death
 Stroke[1]
Nationality American
Occupation Actress, model
Years active 1942–2014
Height 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m)[2]
Spouse(s)
Children 3 including Sam Robards
Relatives Shimon Peres (first cousin)
 
Academy Awards
AFI Awards
AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars, 1999
Signature LaurenBacall.png

Lauren Bacall (/ˌlɔrən bəˈkɔːl/, born Betty Joan Perske; September 16, 1924 – August 12, 2014) was an American film and stage actress and model, known for her distinctive husky voice and sultry looks.[3]

She first emerged as a leading lady in the Humphrey Bogart film To Have and Have Not (1944) and continued on in the film noir genre, with appearances in Bogart movies The Big Sleep (1946), Dark Passage (1947), and Key Largo (1948), as well as comedic roles in How to Marry a Millionaire (1953) with Marilyn Monroe and Designing Woman (1957) with Gregory Peck. Bacall worked on Broadway in musicals, earning Tony Awards for Applause in 1970 and Woman of the Year in 1981. Her performance in the movie The Mirror Has Two Faces (1996) earned her a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award nomination.

In 1999, Bacall was ranked #20 of the 25 actresses on the AFI's 100 Years... 100 Stars list by the American Film Institute. In 2009, she was selected by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to receive an Academy Honorary Award "in recognition of her central place in the Golden Age of motion pictures."[citation needed]

Bacall died on August 12, 2014 at the age of 89 after suffering a massive stroke.[3]

Early life

Bacall was born Betty Joan Perske on September 16, 1924, in the Bronx, New York,[4][5] the only child of Natalie (née Weinstein-Bacal), a secretary who later legally changed her surname to Bacall, and William Perske, who worked in sales.[6] Both her parents were Jewish. Her mother emigrated from Romania through Ellis Island and her father was born in New Jersey to Polish-born parents.[7][8]

She was a first cousin to Shimon Peres, the ninth President of Israel.[9][10] Her parents divorced when she was five, and she took the Romanian form of her mother's last name, Bacall.[11] She no longer saw her father and formed a very close bond with her mother, who came to live in California after Bacall became a movie star.[12][13]

Career

Modelling


Bacall with Humphrey Bogart in 1946

As a teenage fashion model, she appeared on the cover of Harper's Bazaar (the cover has since been described as 'iconic'),[14] as well as in magazines such as Vogue.[15] She was noted for her "cat-like grace, tawny blonde hair and blue-green eyes".[16]


Howard Hawks and Bacall in 1943

In 1941, Bacall took lessons at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, where she was classmates with Kirk Douglas,[17] while working as a theatre usher and fashion model.[4]

She made her acting debut on Broadway in 1942, at age 17, as a walk-on in Johnny 2 X 4. According to Bacall's autobiography, she and a girlfriend won an opportunity in 1940 to meet her idol Bette Davis at Davis's hotel. Years later, Davis visited Bacall backstage to congratulate her on her performance in Applause, a musical based on the film All About Eve in which Davis had starred. According to Bacall's autobiography, Davis told her "You know you're the only one who can play this role."[citation needed]

While she was working as a fashion model, Howard Hawks' wife Nancy spotted her on the cover of Harper's Bazaar magazine.[18][19] and urged Hawks to have her take a screen test for To Have and Have Not. Hawks had asked his secretary to find out more about her, but the secretary misunderstood and sent her a ticket to Hollywood for the audition.[19]

Hawks signed her to a seven-year personal contract, brought her to Hollywood, gave her $100 salary a week, and began to manage her career. Hawks changed her first name to Lauren, and Perske adopted "Bacall", a variant of her mother's maiden name, as her new surname. Nancy Hawks took Bacall under her wing.[20] Nancy dressed Bacall stylishly and guided her in matters of elegance, manners and taste. Bacall was trained to make her voice lower, deeper, and sexier.[21] In To Have and Have Not, Bacall's character used Nancy Hawks' nickname "Slim" and Bogart used Howard Hawks' nickname "Steve".[18]

Breakthrough


Bacall in her first movie, To Have and Have Not with Humphrey Bogart, 1944

During screen tests for To Have and Have Not (1944), Bacall was nervous. To minimize her quivering, she pressed her chin against her chest and to face the camera, tilted her eyes upward.[22] This effect became known as "The Look", Bacall's trademark.[23]


Bacall and Bogart in Dark Passage

On the set, Humphrey Bogart, who was married to Mayo Methot, initiated a relationship with Bacall several weeks into shooting and they began seeing each other. On a visit to the National Press Club in Washington, D.C., on February 10, 1945, Bacall's press agent, chief of publicity at Warner Bros. Charlie Enfield, asked the 20-year-old Bacall to sit on the piano which was being played by Vice-President of the United States Harry S. Truman.[citation needed]

After To Have and Have Not, Bacall was seen opposite Charles Boyer in Confidential Agent (1945), which was poorly received by the critics.[citation needed] Bacall believed that her career never fully recovered and that studio boss Jack Warner did not care about quality.[citation needed] She then appeared with Bogart in the films noir The Big Sleep (1946) and Dark Passage (1947) and John Huston's melodramatic suspense film Key Largo (1948) with Bogart and Edward G. Robinson. She was cast opposite Gary Cooper in Bright Leaf (1950).

1950s


With Kirk Douglas in Young Man with a Horn (1950)

Bacall turned down scripts she did not find interesting and thereby earned a reputation for being difficult. For her leads in a string of films, she received favorable reviews. In Young Man with a Horn (1950), co-starring Kirk Douglas, Doris Day, and Hoagy Carmichael, Bacall played a two-faced femme fatale. This movie is often considered the first big-budget jazz film.[citation needed]

During 1951–1952, Bacall co-starred with Bogart in the syndicated action-adventure radio series Bold Venture. In 1951–52, she co-starred with Bogart in the syndicated action-adventure radio series Bold Venture. In 1953, Bacall starred in the CinemaScope comedy How to Marry a Millionaire, a runaway hit.[citation needed] Billed third under Marilyn Monroe and Betty Grable, Bacall got positive notices for her turn as the witty gold-digger, Schatze Page.[24] According to her autobiography, Bacall declined[why?] the coveted invitation from Grauman's Chinese Theatre to press her hand- and footprints in the theatre's cemented forecourt at the Los Angeles premiere of the film.


Bacall, Bogart and Henry Fonda in the television version of The Petrified Forest

In 1955, a television version of Bogart's own breakthrough film, The Petrified Forest, was performed as a live installment of Producers' Showcase, a weekly dramatic anthology, featuring Bogart as Duke Mantee, Henry Fonda as Alan, and Bacall as Gabrielle, the part originally played in the 1936 movie by Bette Davis. Jack Klugman, Richard Jaeckel, and Jack Warden played supporting roles. Bogart had no problem performing his role live since he had originally played the part on Broadway with the subsequent movie's star Leslie Howard, who had secured a film career for Bogart by insisting that Warner Bros. cast him in the movie instead of Edward G. Robinson; Bogart and Bacall named their daughter "Leslie Howard Bogart" in gratitude.

In the late 1990s, Bacall donated the only known kinescope of the 1955 performance to The Museum Of Television & Radio (now the Paley Center for Media), where it remains archived for viewing in New York City and Los Angeles.[25]


The 32 year old Bacall, in Written on the Wind, 1956

Written on the Wind, directed by Douglas Sirk in 1956, is now considered a classic tear-jerker.[26] Appearing with Rock Hudson, Dorothy Malone and Robert Stack, Bacall played a career woman whose life is unexpectedly turned around by a family of oil magnates. Bacall states in her autobiography that she did not think much of the role. While struggling at home with Bogart's battle with esophageal cancer, Bacall starred with Gregory Peck in Designing Woman.[27] It was directed by Vincente Minnelli and released in New York on May 16, 1957, four months after Bogart succumbed to cancer on January 14.

Bacall was seen in two more films in the 1950s; the Jean Negulesco-directed melodrama The Gift of Love (1958), in which her co star was Robert Stack, and the adventure film North West Frontier (1959), which was a box office hit.[28]

1960s and 1970s

Bacall's movie career waned in the 1960s, and she was seen in only a handful of films. On Broadway she starred in Goodbye, Charlie (1959), Cactus Flower (1965), Applause (1970) and Woman of the Year (1981). She won Tony Awards for her performances in the latter two. The few movies Bacall shot during this period were all-star vehicles such as Sex and the Single Girl (1964) with Henry Fonda, Tony Curtis and Natalie Wood, Harper (1966) with Paul Newman, Shelley Winters, Julie Harris, Robert Wagner and Janet Leigh, and Murder on the Orient Express (1974), with an all-star cast, including Ingrid Bergman, Albert Finney, Vanessa Redgrave, Martin Balsam, and Sean Connery. In 1964, she appeared in two episodes of Craig Stevens's Mr. Broadway: first in "Take a Walk Through a Cemetery", with then husband, Jason Robards, Jr., and later as Barbara Lake in the episode "Something to Sing About", co-starring future co-star Balsam.

For her work in the Chicago theatre, Bacall won the Sarah Siddons Award in 1972 and again in 1984. In 1976, she co-starred with John Wayne in his last picture, The Shootist. The two became friends, despite significant political differences between them. They had previously worked together in Blood Alley (1955).

Later career

During the 1980s, Bacall appeared in the poorly received star vehicle The Fan (1981), as well as some star-studded features such as Robert Altman's Health (1980) and Michael Winner's Appointment with Death (1988). In 1990, she had a small role in Misery, which starred Kathy Bates and James Caan. In 1997, Bacall was nominated for a Best Supporting Actress Academy Award for her role in The Mirror Has Two Faces (1996), her first nomination after a career span of more than fifty years. She had already won a Golden Globe and was widely expected to win the Oscar, but lost in an upset to Juliette Binoche for The English Patient.

Bacall received the Kennedy Center Honors in 1997.[29] In 1999, she was voted one of the 25 most significant female movie stars in history by the American Film Institute. Her movie career saw something of a renaissance and she attracted respectful notices for her performances in high-profile projects such as Dogville (2003) and Birth (2004), both with Nicole Kidman. She was a leading actor in Paul Schrader's The Walker (2007).

Her commercial ventures in the 2000s included being a spokesperson for the Tuesday Morning discount chain (commercials showed her in a limousine waiting for the store to open at the beginning of one of their sales events) and producing a jewelry line with the Weinman Brothers company. She previously was a celebrity spokesperson for High Point (coffee) and Fancy Feast cat food. In March 2006, Bacall was seen at the 78th Annual Academy Awards introducing a film montage dedicated to film noir. She made a cameo appearance as herself on The Sopranos, in the April 2006 episode, "Luxury Lounge", during which she was punched and robbed by a masked hoodlum played by Michael Imperioli.

In September 2006, Bacall was awarded the first Katharine Hepburn Medal, which recognizes "women whose lives, work and contributions embody the intelligence, drive and independence of the four-time-Oscar-winning actress", by Bryn Mawr College's Katharine Houghton Hepburn Center.[30] She gave an address at the memorial service of Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. at the Reform Club in London in June 2007.[31] She finished her role in The Forger in 2009.[32]

Bacall was selected by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to receive an Honorary Academy Award. The award was presented at the inaugural Governors Awards on November 14, 2009.[33]

In July 2013, Bacall expressed interest in taking the starring role in the film Trouble Is My Business.[34] In November, she joined the English dub voice cast for Studio Canal's animated film Ernest & Celestine.[35] She had a small voice role in guest appearance on the twelfth season Family Guy episode "Mom's the Word".[36]

Personal life

Relationships and family


Bacall starring alongside Humphrey Bogart in 1947

On May 21, 1945, Bacall married actor Humphrey Bogart. Their wedding and honeymoon took place at Malabar Farm, Lucas, Ohio. It was the country home of Pulitzer Prize-winning author Louis Bromfield, a close friend of Bogart. The wedding was held in the Big House. Bacall was 20 and Bogart was 45; thus, she was nicknamed "Baby". They remained married until Bogart's death from esophageal cancer in 1957. During the filming of The African Queen (1951), Bacall and Bogart became friends of Katharine Hepburn and Spencer Tracy. She began to mix in non-acting circles, becoming friends with the historian Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. and the journalist Alistair Cooke. In 1952, she gave campaign speeches for Democratic Presidential contender Adlai Stevenson. Along with other Hollywood figures, Bacall was a staunch opponent of McCarthyism.[37][38]


Bacall in 1989

Shortly after Bogart's death in 1957, Bacall had a relationship with singer and actor Frank Sinatra. She told Robert Osborne, of Turner Classic Movies (TCM), in an interview, that she had ended the romance. However, in her autobiography, she wrote that Sinatra abruptly ended the relationship, having become angry that the story of his proposal to Bacall had reached the press. Bacall and her friend Swifty Lazar had run into the gossip columnist Louella Parsons, to whom Lazar had spilled the beans. Sinatra then cut Bacall off and went to Las Vegas. Pressed by interviewer Michael Parkinson to talk about her marriage to Bogart, and asked about her notable reluctance to do so, she replied that "being a widow is not a profession".[39]

Bacall was married to actor Jason Robards, Jr. from 1961 to 1969. According to Bacall's autobiography, she divorced Robards mainly because of his alcoholism.[40]

Bacall had a son and daughter with Bogart and a son with Robards. Her children with Bogart are her son Stephen Humphrey Bogart (born January 6, 1949), a news producer, documentary film maker and author; and her daughter Leslie Bogart (born August 23, 1952), a yoga instructor. Sam Robards (born December 16, 1961), her son with Robards, is an actor.

Bacall is the only Academy Award winner to have been married to two other winners (Bogart, Robards). She wrote two autobiographies, Lauren Bacall By Myself (1978) and Now (1994). In 2005, the first volume was updated with an extra chapter: "By Myself and Then Some".[citation needed]

Bacall died on August 12, 2014 at the age of 89 in New York City after suffering a stroke at her Manhattan home.[41]

Political views


Vice President Harry S Truman plays the piano while Bacall sits atop it at the National Press Club Canteen. (February 10, 1945)

Bacall was a staunch liberal Democrat. She proclaimed her political views on numerous occasions. In October 1947, Bacall and Bogart traveled to Washington, D.C., along with other Hollywood stars, in a group that called itself the Committee for the First Amendment (CFA). She appeared alongside Humphrey Bogart in a photograph printed at the end of an article he wrote, titled "I'm No Communist", in the May 1948 edition of Photoplay magazine,[42] written to counteract negative publicity resulting from his appearance before the House Un-American Activities Committee. Bogart and Bacall distanced themselves from the Hollywood Ten and said: "We're about as much in favor of Communism as J. Edgar Hoover."[43]

She campaigned for Democratic candidate Adlai Stevenson in the 1952 Presidential election and for Robert Kennedy in his 1964 run for the U.S. Senate. In a 2005 interview with Larry King, Bacall described herself as "anti-Republican... A liberal. The L-word." She added that "being a liberal is the best thing on earth you can be. You are welcoming to everyone when you're a liberal. You do not have a small mind."[44]

Death

Bacall died of a stroke on August 12, 2014, at her longtime home in The Dakota, an Upper West Side apartment building overlooking Central Park in Manhattan.[45][46]

Dramatization

In 1980, Kathryn Harrold played Bacall in the TV movie Bogie, which was directed by Vincent Sherman and based on the novel by Joe Hyams. Kevin O'Connor played Bogart. The movie focused primarily upon the disintegration of Bogart's third marriage to Mayo Methot, played by Ann Wedgeworth, when Bogart met Bacall and began an affair with her.

Bacall is a character in the Charles Mee one-act play Hotel Cassiopeia.[citation needed]

Awards and nominations

Nominations

In 1991, Bacall was honored with star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1724 Vine Street. In 1997, a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs, California, Walk of Stars was dedicated to her.[50] In 1998, Bacall was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame.[51]

In popular culture

In books

  • Bacall is featured in The Dakota Scrapbook, a book about the history of the building and residents of the Dakota apartment building in New York City.[52]

In cartoons

In music

Works

Filmography

Features

Year Title Role Notes
1944 To Have and Have Not Marie 'Slim' Browning Recorded the songs she sang in the film
1945 Confidential Agent Rose Cullen  
1946 Big Sleep, TheThe Big Sleep Vivian Sternwood Rutledge  
1946 Two Guys from Milwaukee Herself Uncredited cameo
1947 Dark Passage Irene Jansen  
1948 Key Largo Nora Temple  
1950 Young Man with a Horn Amy North  
1950 Bright Leaf Sonia Kovac  
1953 How to Marry a Millionaire Schatze Page  
1954 Woman's World Elizabeth Burns  
1955 Cobweb, TheThe Cobweb Meg Faversen Rinehart  
1955 Blood Alley Cathy Grainger  
1956 Patterns Lobby lady near elevators Uncredited
1956 Written on the Wind Lucy Moore Hadley  
1957 Designing Woman Marilla Brown Hagen  
1958 The Gift of Love Julie Beck  
1959 North West Frontier Catherine Wyatt  
1964 Shock Treatment Dr. Edwina Beighley  
1964 Sex and the Single Girl Sylvia Broderick  
1966 Harper Elaine Sampson  
1973 Applause Margo Channing  
1974 Murder on the Orient Express Mrs. Harriet Belinda Hubbard  
1976 Shootist, TheThe Shootist Bond Rogers  
1978 Perfect Gentleman Mrs. Lizzie Martin  
1980 Health Esther Brill  
1981 Fan, TheThe Fan Sally Ross  
1988 Appointment with Death Lady Westholme  
1988 Mr. North Mrs. Cranston  
1989 John Huston: The Man, the Movies, the Maverick   Documentary
1989 Tree of Hands, TheThe Tree of Hands Marsha Archdale  
1989 Dinner at Eight Carlotta Vance  
1990 Misery Marcia Sindell  
1991 A Star for Two    
1991 All I Want for Christmas Lillian Brooks  
1993 The Portrait Fanny Church  
1993 Parallax Garden, TheThe Parallax Garden    
1993 Foreign Field, AA Foreign Field Lisa  
1994 Prêt-à-Porter: Ready to Wear Slim Chrysler  
1995 From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler  
1996 Mirror Has Two Faces, TheThe Mirror Has Two Faces Hannah Morgan  
1996 My Fellow Americans Margaret Kramer  
1997 Day and Night Sonia  
1999 Get Bruce   Documentary
1999 Too Rich: The Secret Life of Doris Duke Doris Duke (elderly)  
1999 Madeline: Lost in Paris Madame Lacroque (voice)  
1999 Venice Project, TheThe Venice Project Countess Camilla Volta  
1999 Presence of Mind Mado Remei  
1999 Diamonds Sin-Dee  
1999 Conversation with Gregory Peck, AA Conversation with Gregory Peck   Documentary
2003 Limit, TheThe Limit (a.k.a. Gone Dark) May Markham  
2003 Dogville Ma Ginger  
2004 Howl's Moving Castle Witch of the Waste (voice)  
2004 Birth Eleanor  
2005 Manderlay Mam  
2006 These Foolish Things Dame Lydia  
2007 Walker, TheThe Walker Natalie Van Miter  
2008 Eve Grandma  
2008 Scooby-Doo and the Goblin King The Grand Witch (voice) voice
2010 Wide Blue Yonder [62] May  
2010 Firedog[63] Posche (voice)  
2012 The Forger Annemarie Sterling  
2014 Ernest & Celestine The Grey One (voice)  

Short subjects

  • 1955 Motion Picture Theatre Celebration (1955)
  • Amália Traída (Amália Betrayed) (2004)

Stage appearances

Television work

Radio

  • Bold Venture (1951–52); with Humphrey Bogart. Exact number of episodes recorded is unknown, but upwards of 50.

Books

  • Lauren Bacall by Myself (1978)
  • Now (1994)
  • By Myself and Then Some (2005)

See also

Book icon

Notes

  1. Jump up ^ This was the 1980 award for hardcover Autobiography.
    From 1980 to 1983 in National Book Award history there were dual hardcover and paperback awards in most categories, and multiple nonfiction subcategories. Most of the paperback award-winners were reprints, including the 1980 Autobiography.

References

  1. Jump up ^ News Corp Australia (August 12, 2014). "Lauren Bacall dead at 89". News Corp Australia. Retrieved August 22, 2009. 
  2. Jump up ^ Caplan, Nina (January 1, 1999). "Did Bogie destroy Lauren Bacall?". The Guardian. Retrieved August 13, 2014. 
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b Dana Ford (August 12, 2014). "Famed actress Lauren Bacall dies at 89". CNN. Retrieved August 13, 2014. 
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b CNN Library (August 12, 2014). "Lauren Bacall Fast Facts". CNN. Retrieved August 13, 2014. 
  5. Jump up ^ Tyrnauer, Matt (March 10, 2011). "To Have and Have Not". Vanity Fair. Retrieved October 15, 2011. 
  6. Jump up ^ Lauren Bacall profile, Film Reference.com. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
  7. Jump up ^ Bacall, Lauren (March 1, 2005). By Myself and Then Some. It Books. ISBN 0060755350. 
  8. Jump up ^ Lyman, Darryl (1999). Great Jews in the Performing Arts. Middle Village, NY: J. David. p. 19. ISBN 0824604199. 
  9. Jump up ^ Lazaroff, Tovah (November 10, 2005). "Peres: Not such a bad record after all". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  10. Jump up ^ Weiner, Eric (June 13, 2007). "Shimon Peres Wears Hats of Peacemaker, Schemer". National Public Radio. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  11. Jump up ^ Meyers, Jeffrey (1997), Bogart: A Life in Hollywood. Houghton Mifflin; ISBN 978-0-395-77399-4, p. 164.
  12. Jump up ^ Cantrell, Susan (July 19, 2009). "Lauren Bacall on Life, Acting, and Bogie". Carmel Magazine. Retrieved August 22, 2009. 
  13. Jump up ^ Wickware, Francis Sill (May 7, 1945). Profile of Lauren Bacall 18. LIFE Magazine. pp. 100–106. ISSN 0024-3019. 
  14. Jump up ^ REVISITING LAUREN BACALL IN BAZAAR BY AJESH PATALAY August 13, 2014, Harper's Bazaar
  15. Jump up ^ Lauren Bacall, by Francis Sill Wickware LIFE Magazine, May 7, 1945, Vol. 18, No. 19
  16. Jump up ^ Lauren Bacall, LIFE January 19, 1948, Vol. 24, No. 3, p. 43.
  17. Jump up ^ Thomas, Tony. The Films of Kirk Douglas. Citadel Press, New York, 1991; ISBN 0-8065-1217-2. p. 18
  18. ^ Jump up to: a b David Thomson (September 11, 2004). "Lauren Bacall: The souring of a Hollywood legend". The Independent. Retrieved August 13, 2014. 
  19. ^ Jump up to: a b (source: interview with Howard Hawks in Peter Bogdanovich's book Who the Devil Made It, p. 327)
  20. Jump up ^ A. Sperber and Eric Lax (1997), Bogart. William Morrow & Co.; ISBN 0-688-07539-8, ISBN 978-0-688-07539-2, p. 246.
  21. Jump up ^ Sperber and Lax 1997, p. 245.
  22. Jump up ^ "Lauren Bacall profile at". Biography.com. A&E Television Networks, LLC. 2014. Retrieved August 12, 2014. 
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  24. Jump up ^ Movie Reviews: "How to Marry a Millionaire", Rotten Tomatoes.com. Retrieved August 13, 2014
  25. Jump up ^ "Broadcast Museum Seeks TV's Self-History". New York Times. January 25, 1987. Retrieved August 12, 2014. 
  26. Jump up ^ "Filmsite Movie Review: Written on the Wind (1956)". Film Site. Retrieved August 13, 2014. 
  27. Jump up ^ Designing Woman @ Rotten Tomatoes.com.
  28. Jump up ^ FOUR BRITISH FILMS IN 'TOP 6': BOULTING COMEDY HEADS BOX OFFICE LIST Our own Reporter, The Guardian (1959–2003), London (UK), December 11, 1959: p. 4.
  29. Jump up ^ Lyman, Rick (December 8, 1997). "A Wind of Gratitude Blows Through the Performing Arts". New York Times. Retrieved August 12, 2014. 
  30. Jump up ^ Katharine Hepburn Medal awardee from Bryn Mawr College's Katharine Houghton Hepburn Center, brynmawr.edu. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
  31. Jump up ^ Jenkins, Simon (June 28, 2007). "Our trigger-happy rulers should have been sent on a crash course in history". The Guardian (UK). Retrieved August 12, 2014. 
  32. Jump up ^ McNary, Dave (February 1, 2009). "Hutcherson rounds out 'Carmel' cast". Variety. Retrieved July 9, 2014. 
  33. Jump up ^ "Bacall, Calley, Corman and Willis to Receive Academy’s Governors Awards", Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences (press release), September 10, 2009.
  34. Jump up ^ "Trouble Is My Business", juntoboxfilms.com, July 2013.
  35. Jump up ^ Keslassy, Elsa (November 8, 2013). "Ernest & Celestine: Toon Taps Lauren Bacall, Paul Giamatti, William H. Macy (exclusive)". Variety. Retrieved July 9, 2014. 
  36. Jump up ^ "Lauren Bacall to guest star on Family Guy". Retrieved July 9, 2014.
  37. Jump up ^ Levy, Patricia (2006). From Television to the Berlin Wall. Raintree. pp. 27–. ISBN 9781410917874. Retrieved August 13, 2014. 
  38. Jump up ^ Kuhn, Annette; Radstone, Susannah (1990). The Women's Companion to International Film. University of California Press. pp. 34–. ISBN 9780520088795. Retrieved August 13, 2014. 
  39. Jump up ^ Lauren Bacall interview on Parkinson. YouTube, August 13, 2014.
  40. Jump up ^ Bacall, Lauren. (2006). By Myself and Then Some. p. 377. HarperCollins, New York, New York. ISBN 978-0-06-112791-5.
  41. Jump up ^ "Legendary actress Lauren Bacall has died at 89". USA Today. August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 13, 2014. 
  42. Jump up ^ Humphy Bogart. "Photoplay, March 1948". Google Docs. Retrieved August 13, 2014. "I'm no communist" 
  43. Jump up ^ Gordon, Lois G.; Gordon, Alan (1987). American Chronicle: Six Decades in American Life, 1920-1980. Atheneum. p. 267. ISBN 9780689118999. Retrieved August 13, 2014. 
  44. Jump up ^ "CNN LARRY KING LIVE Interview with Lauren Bacall". CNN. May 6, 2005. Retrieved August 13, 2014. 
  45. Jump up ^ Mike Barnes; Duane Byrge (August 12, 2014). "Lauren Bacall, Hollywood's Icon of Cool, Dies at 89". Yahoo!. Retrieved August 13, 2014. 
  46. Jump up ^ "Lauren Bacall Dies at 89; in a Bygone Hollywood, She Purred Every Word". New York Times. August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 13, 2014. 
  47. Jump up ^ "National Book Awards – 1980". National Book Foundation. Retrieved March 16, 2012.
  48. Jump up ^ "Lauren Bacall Receives George Eastman Award". The New York Times (The New York Times). November 10, 1990. Retrieved October 25, 2010. 
  49. Jump up ^ "Berlinale: 1997 Prize Winners". Internationale Filmfestspiele Berlin. Retrieved January 14, 2012. 
  50. Jump up ^ "LISTED BY DATE DEDICATED". Palms Spring Walk of Stars. Retrieved August 13, 2014. "10 - Jan Lauren Bacall 135 E. Tahquitz Canyon Way" 
  51. Jump up ^ "Notes for Lauren Bacall". TCM. Retrieved August 13, 2014. 
  52. Jump up ^ The Cardinals (April 1, 2014). The Dakota Scrapbook: Volume 1. Exterior (1st ed.). Campfire Publishing. ISBN 0970081510. Retrieved August 13, 2014. 
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  54. Jump up ^ "Slick Hare 1947". TCM Classic Film Union. Retrieved March 15, 2013. 
  55. Jump up ^ Rainbow High Lyrics – "Evita" the musical. Allmusicals.com (July 26, 1952); retrieved on April 29, 2014.
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  57. Jump up ^ ash.html The Clash – Car Jamming Lyrics. Metro Lyrics. Retrieved on April 29, 2014.
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  60. Jump up ^ ""Captain Crash & The Beauty Queen From Mars" Lyrics". Bon Jovi Official Website. Retrieved August 13, 2014. "...Kurt and Courtney, Bacall and Bogie, Joltin’ Joe and Ms. Monroe, Here’s captain crash and the beauty queen from mars." 
  61. Jump up ^ Anna Nalick –"Words" (NEW Song) on YouTube, November 14, 2010; retrieved April 29, 2014.
  62. Jump up ^ Official Site | Film with Brian Cox & Lauren Bacall. Wide Blue Yonder Movie. Retrieved on April 29, 2014.
  63. Jump up ^ "Firedog (2014)". Hollywood.com. Retrieved August 13, 2014. 
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